Quality of life of men with AIDS and the model of social determinants of health / Qualidade de vida de homens com AIDS e o modelo da determinação social da saúde / Calidad de vida de hombres con Sida y el modelo de la determinación social de la salud

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the quality of life (QoL) of men with AIDS from the perspective of the model of social determinants of health (MSDH). METHOD: cross-sectional study conducted in an outpatient infectious diseases clinic from a Brazilian university hospital over the course of one year with a sample of 138 patients. A form based on the MSDH was used to collect sociodemographic data addressing individual, proximal, intermediate determinants and the influence of social networks together with an instrument used to assess the QoL of people with HIV/AIDS. The project was approved by the Institutional Review Board (Protocol No. 040.06.12). RESULTS: according to MSDH, most men with AIDS were between 30 and 49 years old (68.1%), mixed race (59.4%), heterosexual (46.4%), single (64.5%), Catholic (68.8%), had a bachelor's degree (39.2%), had no children (61.6%), and had a formal job (71.0%). The perception of QoL in the physical, level of independence, environment, and spirituality domains was intermediate, while QoL was perceived to be superior in the domains of psychological and social relationship. A perception of lower QoL was presented by homosexual (p=0.037) and married men (p=0.077), and those with income below one times the minimum wage (p=0.042). A perception of greater QoL was presented by those without a religion (p=0.005), living with a partner (p=0.049), and those who had a formal job (p=0.045). CONCLUSION: social determinants influence the QoL of men with AIDS. .

OBJETIVO: analisar a qualidade de vida (QV) de homens com AIDS, na perspectiva do modelo da determinação social da saúde (MDSS). MÉTODO: Estudo transversal, realizado em ambulatório de infectologia de um hospital universitário no Brasil durante um ano, com amostra de 138 pacientes. Para coleta de dados, utilizaram-se o formulário de caracterização sociodemográfica baseado no MDSS, envolvendo os determinantes individuais, proximais, intermediários e influência das redes sociais, além do instrumento de avaliação da QV de pessoas com HIV/AIDS. Projeto aprovado pelo comitê de ética sob protocolo no 040.06.12. RESULTADOS: segundo o MDSS, a maioria dos homens com AIDS possuíam faixa etária de 30-49 anos (68,1%), cor parda (59,4%), heterossexuais (46,4%), solteiros (64,5%), católicos (68,8%), nível superior (39,2%), sem filhos (61,6%) e com vínculo empregatício (71,0%). A percepção da QV foi intermediária nos domínios físico, nível de independência, meio ambiente e espiritualidade, e para domínios psicológico e relações sociais, foi superior. Houve menor percepção da QV para homossexuais (p=0,037), casados (p=0,077) e com renda menor que um salário mínimo (p=0,042). Houve maior percepção da QV para pessoas sem religião (p=0,005), que moravam com parceiro (p=0,049) e com vínculo empregatício (p=0,045). CONCLUSÃO: os determinantes sociais influenciam na QV de homens com AIDS. .

OBJETIVO: analizar la calidad de vida (CV) de hombres con Sida bajo la perspectiva del modelo de la determinación social de la salud (MDSS). MÉTODO: estudio transversal, realizado en ambulatorio de enfermedades infecciosas de un hospital universitario en Brasil, durante un año, con una muestra de 138 pacientes. Para recolección de datos se utilizaron el formulario de caracterización sociodemográfica basado en el MDSS, conteniendo los determinantes individuales, proximales, intermediarios y la influencia de las redes sociales, además del instrumento de evaluación de la CV de personas con HIV/Sida. Proyecto aprobado por el comité de ética con el protocolo n° 040.06.12. RESULTADOS: según el MDSS, la mayoría de los hombres con Sida se encontraba en el intervalo etario de 30 a 49 años (68,1%), color parda (59,4%), heterosexuales (46,4%), solteros (64,5%), católicos (68,8%), nivel superior (39,2%), sin hijos (61,6%) y con vínculo de empleo (71,0%). La percepción de la CV fue intermedia en los dominios: físico, nivel de independencia, medio ambiente y espiritualidad, y para los dominios psicológicos y relaciones sociales, fue superior. Hubo menor percepción de la CV para homosexuales (p=0,037), casados (p=0,077) y con renta menor que un salario mínimo (p=0,042). Hubo mayor percepción de la CV para personas sin religión (p=0,005), que vivían con compañero (p=0,049) y con vínculo de empleo (p=0,045). CONCLUSIÓN: los determinantes sociales influencian la CV de hombres con Sida. .

Chlamydia trachomatis as a probable cofactor in human papillomavirus infection in aboriginal women from northeastern Argentina

Objectives: High-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) are strongly associated with cervical cancer (CC), and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), the most frequent sexually transmitted bacterial infection (STBI) worldwide, seems to be a risk factor for HPV infection and for CC. It is also known that both agents are more prevalent in vulnerable communities where lack of adequate primary health care is a cause for concern. The aim of this work was to determine the impact of CT and HPV infections in women belonging to an isolated aboriginal population (Pilaga community) from a poor region in Northern Argentina (province of Formosa). For this purpose, a cross-sectional study was performed in all sexually active Pilaga women, who attended a local community-based gynecological health screening project. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method on a cervical brush specimen was used to detect both agents. Results: A total of 227 women (20 percent of the total female population of the Pilaga community) were studied and the overall prevalence was 26.4 percent for CT, 46.7 percent for HPV and 16.3 percent for concurrent infection. CT infection was higher in HPV DNA positive (34.2 percent) than in HPV DNA negative women (19 percent; OR: 2.22/95 percent CI = 1.16-4.28 / p = 0.009) and the most prevalent HPV types were HPV-16 (19.4 percent), 6 and 18 (5.3 percent), 58 (3.5 percent) and 33 (3.1 percent). Conclusions: The prevalence of CT and HPV observed in Pilaga women are among the worst registered in Latin America. Also, data collected suggest that chlamydial infection may play an important role in the natural history of HPV infection. On this respect, we propose that the association between these two agents seems to be more related to a mutual potentiation than to the fact that they share a common route of transmission.

Ser mulher portadora do HPV: uma abordagem cultural / Being a woman with HPV: a cultural approach / Ser mujer portadora de VPH: enfoque cultural

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de investigar o nível de conhecimento das mulheres sobre o HPV, para, a partir daí, identificar crenças, mitos e tabus sobre a doença e analisar a influência destes elementos culturais no comportamento da mulher. Realizamos um estudo baseado nos pressupostos da teoria do cuidado transcultural. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida a partir do depoimento de quinze mulheres que realizavam tratamento para HPV. Através da investigação, foi possível perceber que, apesar das inúmeras fontes de informação sobre DST, o HPV ainda é uma doença desconhecida e cercada de mistério. Este desconhecimento, interagindo com fatores culturais, favorece o desenvolvimento de conceitos equivocados, tais como crenças e mitos.

This study was carried out in order to investigate the level of women's knowledge about HPV, to identify beliefs, myths and taboos about HPV, as well as to analyze the influence of these cultural elements on women's behavior. We performed a study based on the transcultural care theory. The research was developed from the testimonies of 15 women who were undergoing treatment for HPV. Through the investigation, it was possible to perceive that HPV is a disease that is still unknown and surrounded with mystery, despite all the sources of information about Sexually Trasmitted Diseases (STD). This ignorance, which interacts with cultural factors, favors the development of wrong concepts, such as beliefs and myths.

Este trabajo fue realizado con el objetivo de investigar el nivel de conocimientos de las mujeres sobre el VPH, para así identificar creencias, mitos y tabúes sobre la enfermedad y analizar la influencia de estos elementos culturales en el comportamiento de la mujer. Realizamos un estudio basado en los supuestos de la teoría del cuidado transcultural. La investigación fue realizada en base a los testimonios de quince mujeres en tratamiento para VPH. A través de la investigación fue posible percibir que, a pesar de las innúmeras fuentes de información sobre ETS, el VPH es aún una enfermedad desconocida y rodeada de misterios. Esta falta de conocimiento asociados a los factores culturales, favorecen el desarrollo de conceptos equivocados, tales como creencias y mitos.